Sport massages can be categorised into two types: before and after physical activity.
Before activity:
The purpose of this type of massage is to prepare the muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments for upcoming strenuous exercises. It increases the flexibility and endurance of these structures.
It also enhances the range of motion within the joints while minimising the risk of contusions.
Massage dilates the vascular system, warming up the muscles by allowing more blood to reach the muscle tissue. This, in turn, prepares them for an intense workout and improves oxygenation of the soft tissues.
Muscles contain mechanoreceptors. Massaging a group of muscles stimulates mechanoreceptors, which in turn increases blood flow to those muscles while reducing blood flow to viscera and other muscle groups. This heightened tension prepares the muscles for action and enhances their tone.
After activity:
This type of massage is intended to remove by-products of cellular metabolism, such as lactic acid, from the skeletal muscle tissue.
Massage also facilitates the absorption of oedema and promotes improved recovery from soft tissue injuries.
Massage promotes improved nourishment and oxygen supply to the tissues, facilitating a quicker recovery of joint and muscle function following an intense workout.